Unemployment Rises as Economy Slows

The number of jobs created in the US grew only modestly in December, as a weak year for the employment market in the world's largest economy drew to a close. Employers added 50,000 jobs in the final month of 2025, according to Labor Department data, which was fewer than expected. But the unemployment rate dipped to 4.4%.

Job gains last year were the smallest since 2020, when the Covid pandemic led to widespread cuts. Businesses have been operating in an environment marked by US President Donald Trump's dramatic policy changes, including tariffs, an immigration crackdown and cuts to government spending.

The US economy has held up in the face of these shifts, growing at an annual rate of 4.3% over the three months to September.

But the expansion - driven by steady consumer spending and a growth in exports - has not been accompanied by significant job creation.

On average, the US added an average of just 49,000 roles per month in 2025, down from an estimated gain of 168,000 a month the year before.

The Labor Department said the US also added 76,000 fewer new positions in October and November than previously estimated.

Retailers and manufacturers were among the sectors reporting losses last month, which were offset by hiring at health care employers, bars and restaurants.

The data underscores the mixed dynamics facing job-seekers in the US, where hiring has cooled markedly over the last year but fears of mass layoffs have not materialised.

The US Federal Reserve central bank has responded to the slowdown by cutting its key lending rate in hopes of giving the economy a boost.

The central bank trimmed interest rates three times last year starting in September, despite concerns that inflation is still bubbling. Its key lending rate is now hovering around 3.6%, which is the lowest level in three years.

But policymakers are divided about how much lower borrowing costs should go.

Analysts said the latest figures would do little to resolve those debates. The jobless rate, which had jumped in November to 4.5%, fell back last month to 4.4%, where it stood in September.

"Today's report confirms what we think has been evident for some time—the labour market is no longer working in favour of job seekers," said Ellen Zentner, chief economic strategist for Morgan Stanley Wealth Management.

But she added: "Until the data provide a clearer direction, a divided Fed is likely to stay that way. Lower rates are likely coming this year, but the markets may have to be patient."

The monthly jobs report is among the most closely watched pieces of economic data reported by the US government.

Its publication has traditionally been strictly guarded, out of fears that some people could use early access to the information for financial gain.

That dynamic is one of the reasons why in some circles, a social media post by Trump on Thursday that incorporated some of the then-unpublished data, drew almost as much attention as the report itself.

How Unemployment Rates Affect Property Values

1. Economic Confidence:

   • High Unemployment: When unemployment rates are high, economic confidence tends to decrease. Consumers become cautious about spending, including major investments like home purchases, leading to reduced demand for real estate and potentially lower property values.

   • Low Unemployment: Conversely, low unemployment boosts consumer confidence, encouraging spending and investment in real estate, which can drive up property values due to increased demand.

2. Income Stability:

   • High Unemployment: High unemployment often correlates with reduced household incomes, making it difficult for individuals to afford mortgages or rent. This reduced purchasing power can lead to lower property values as demand decreases.

   • Low Unemployment: With more people employed, household incomes are generally more stable and higher, enabling more individuals to afford home purchases or higher rents, thereby increasing property values.

3. Mortgage Default Rates:

   • High Unemployment: Higher unemployment rates can lead to increased mortgage defaults and foreclosures as unemployed homeowners struggle to make payments. This influx of distressed properties can flood the market, driving down overall property values.

   • Low Unemployment: Lower unemployment rates generally mean fewer defaults and foreclosures, supporting stable or rising property values.

4. Rental Market Dynamics:

   • High Unemployment: With fewer people able to buy homes, there can be increased demand for rental properties, which might initially drive up rental prices. However, sustained high unemployment can lead to renters defaulting on payments, eventually affecting rental property values negatively.

   • Low Unemployment: More people can afford to buy homes, which can reduce demand for rentals. However, stable employment can also mean consistent rental income for property owners, maintaining or increasing rental property values.

5. Government and Policy Responses:

   • High Unemployment: Governments may respond to high unemployment with economic stimulus packages, including housing subsidies or lower interest rates, which can help stabilize or increase property values.

   • Low Unemployment: During periods of low unemployment, governments may implement measures to cool down overheated real estate markets, such as increasing interest rates, which can moderate property value increases.